Biology 115 Spring 2000: Key to Third Quiz

Multiple-choice questions (0.5 points each):

1. (c)
2. (c)
3. (c)
4. (e)
5. (c)
6. (c)

Fill in the blanks (0.5 points each):

• 7. sinuses
• 8. creatine phosphate (give 0.2 points for ATP)
• 9. sensory and motor (full credit if listed in the opposite order)
• 10. sympathetic

Definitions (0.5 points each):

• 11. The osteocyte is a mature bone cell, surrounded by matrix. (full credit for "mature bone cell" or "cell in mature bone"; 0.4 points for "bone cell surrounded by matrix"; 0.2 points for "bone cell".
• 12. The parasympathetic division of the autonomic system is the portion that promotes activities associated with a restful or relaxed state. (full credit for "rest and digest"; if part of the answer is wrong, restore some credit if the student mentions that the preganglionic fibers are longer than the postganglionic fibers)

Short answers (1 point each):

• 13. Aerobic exercise, such as running, bicycling, and swimming, will place stress on and thus build up the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. (0.5 points for saying either "aerobic" or "isotonic"; 0.5 points for at least two examples of aerobic exercise. deduct 0.2 if only one example given).
• 14. Alcohol affects the higher levels of the brain (reasoning and then speech) first, then motor skills (such as walking), and then autonomic functions like breathing. (full credit for recognizing the sequencing from higher functions through motor skills to autonomic functions).

Paragraph answers (2 points):

• 15. Slow-twitch fibers have a steadier tug and more endurance than fast-twitch fibers; they are helpful in sports dominated by endurance like long-distance running. Fast-twitch fibers are designed for strength and quick explosions of energy. Slow-twitch fibers contain large quantities of myoglobin. Fast-twitch fibers are more dependent on anaerobic (lactic-acid) metabolism. (1 point for getting the distinction between endurance and strength or rapidity; 0.4 more for putting myoglobin in the right part; 0.6 for lactic-acid metabolism in the right place).
• 16. Language skills (speech and understanding of speech), and logical and analytical thought derive predominantly from the left hemisphere. Sensing of nonverbal, visuo-spatial information, along with intuitive and creative thought, derive predominantly from the right hemisphere. The right hemisphere tends to deal with information globally, whereas the left hemisphere is more specific in approach. Damage to the left hemisphere is likely to have a greater effect on the victim's ability to speak than on his or her ability to process visual information. (0.8 points for logical and analytical thought on the left, intuition on the right; 1.2 points for language on the left, visuo-spatial information on the right. If the student gets the concepts right but neglects to answer the question about damage to the left hemisphere, deduct 0.6 from the 1.2).