Study Guide for First Quiz
1 February 2000
Biology 115 - Dr. Howard

Format of quiz:

• 6 multiple-choice questions (0.5 pt each)
• 2 definitions (0.5 point each)
• 2 short-answer questions (1 pt each)
• 1 longer-answer question (4 points)

Things you should know about:

Introduction

• Why study human biology?
• Scientific method
  Hypotheses, controls, statistics

Chapter 1: Chemical Biology

• Composition of atoms (electrons, protons, neutrons)
• Chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, hydrogen)
• Role of water in biological chemistry
• Acids and bases
• Hydrophobicity and Hydrophilicity
• Classes of biological molecules:
  carbohydrates, lipids,proteins, nucleic acids

Chapter 2: Cell Structure and Function

• Types of microscopes
• Cellular substructures:
  • plasma membrane
  • nucleus (including nucleolus)
  • ribosome
  • Endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth
  • Golgi apparatus
  • mitochondrion
  • cytoskeleton: cilia, flagella, centrioles
• Diffusion
• Metabolism:
  enzymes, coenzymes, vitamins

Chapter 3: Tissue types and organ systems

• Epithelial tissue
  • shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar
  • basement membrane; glands
• Connective tissue
  • loose fibrous, adipose, cartilage, bone
  • blood as a special form of connective tissue: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
• Muscular tissue: skeletal, smooth, cardiac
• Nervous tissue
  • nerves and their substructures
  • neuroglial cells
• Organ systems
  • digestive, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary
  • integumentary
  • skeletal, muscular
  • controls: nervous, endocrine
  • reproductive
• Skin as an organ
  • epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
  • accessory structures: hair, nails, glands
• Homeostasis
  • maintenance of steady state
  • [glucose], pH, blood pressure, temperature
  • coordination of systems

Chapter 4: Digestion and metabolism

• Organs of digestion:
  mouth (teeth, gums), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
• Digestive structures: walls
• Accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder
• Digestive enzymes
• Homeostasis and digestion
• Nutrition
  • carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
  • vitamins (antioxidants, others); minerals
  • eating disorders