Andrew J. Howard, Ph.D.
EDUCATION
1975, B.A., Biophysics, Pomona College, Claremont, CA.
1981, Ph.D.,
Physics Dept., University of California, San Diego.;
Dissertation Advisor: Xuong Nguyen-huu.
Project:
software development for crystallographic data processing.
1981-1983, Postdoctoral Research, UC Los Angeles .
Chemistry Dept. and Molecular Biology Institute.
Advisor: David S. Eisenberg.
Research specializations:
structure of RuBisCO; crystallographic methods development.
1983-1984, Postdoctoral Research,
Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute,
Albuquerque, NM. Advisor: Charles Mitchell.
Research specialization: energy-related toxicology
EMPLOYMENT
1984-1993,Genex Corporation and Enzon, Inc.,
Gaithersburg, MD; Corporate Research Scientist.
Wrote XENGEN software for processing
Siemens Area Detector data.
Solved or worked on structures of numerous proteins.
Executed Phase I NSF SBIR for crystallographic
software development.
1993-1995, Molecular Simulations, Inc.,
Burlington, MA/ Rockville, MD
Senior Scientist, Life Sciences.
Directed NSF-, NIH- and NIST-funded software development projects
Participated in crystallographic research at
CARB, Rockville, MD, as a visiting scientist.
1995-
Associate Professor, Biology Division, BCPS Dept.,
Illinois Institute of Technology, (tenured 2000)
Research specializations:
crystallographic methods development; structural genomics;
pharmaceutical crystallography
1995-
Associate Director, Director, and Chief Scientific Officer,
Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association CAT,
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
TEACHING EXPERIENCE
- 1973-79: Teaching assistant, physics,
Pomona Collega and UCSD
- 1981: Taught organic and biological chemistry
at UCLA (175 students)
- 1981-1995: Instructed users of XENGEN software worldwide.
- 1995-1999:
Faculty member, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Crystallography School
- 1997- Freshman survey courses in scientific practice, IIT.
- 1998- Human biology and biochemistry courses,
Biology Division, BCPS Department, IIT
- 2000-
Managed and found speakers for biology colloquium class
- 1998-
Radiation biophysics as part of IIT's Health Physics graduate program
- Graduate student supervision:
Two completed Ph.D.'s, four in progress; three master's completed.
- Undergraduate research supervision:
Nine undergraduate students have worked at least one semester each.
RESEARCH SUPPORT
- 1990-1995: Four SBIR projects; sole author of two.
Total funding around $1M.
- 1996- Co-PI or PI on IMCA-CAT project
to develop pharmaceutical crystallographic facilities at the APS.
Total funding around $11M.
- 1996-2002: PI on an NIST specially-funded project. $300K.
- 1998- Co-PI on NIH P01 in Structural Genomics.
Total funding around $10M.
- 2004- , Principal investigator, NIH R01;
Proposal under development involving crystallographic software; $700K.
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY SERVICE
- 1991- NIH, NSF, NASA peer-review panels.
- 1998-2000: Co-editor, mmCIF software standards
- 1997-1999 Founder and first Chair, CAT Director's Council, APS
- 2000
Chair, Diffraction Methods in Molecular Biology Gordon Conference
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (out of 41)
- Weber, P.C. , Howard, A., Xuong, Ng -h and Salemme, F.R. (1981)
Crystallographic structure of Rhodospirillum molischianum
ferricytrochrome c' at 2.5 Å resolution. J. Mol. Biol.
153: 399-424.
- Hamlin, R.C., Cork, C. Howard, A. Nielsen, C., Vernon, W.,
Matthews, D., and Xuong, Ng.-h. (1981) Characteristics
of a flat multiwire area detector for protein crystallography,
J. Appl. Crystallogr. 14: 85-93.
- Howard, A.J. (1982) Computing requirements for area detector
data collection, in : Computational Crystallography
(Sayre, D., ed.: Oxford, Clarendon Press), pp. 29-40.
- Howard, A.J. Nielsen, C.P., Xuong, Ng.-h (1984)
Software for a multiwire area detector. Methods in
Enzymology 114: 452-472.
- Howard, A.J. Mitchell, C.E., Dutcher, J.S.,
Henderson, T.R. and McClellan, R.O. (1986) Binding of nitropyrenes
and benzo[a]pyrene to mouse lung deoxyribonucleic acid after pretreatment
with inducing agents.
Biochemical Pharmacology 35: 2129-2134.
- Howard, A.J. Gilliland, G.L., Finzel, B.C. Poulos, T.L.
Ohlendorf, D.H. and Salemme, F.R. (1987)
Use of an imaging proportional counter in macromolecular
crystallography. J. Applied Crystallogr. 20: 383:387.
- Poulos, T.L. and Howard, A.J. (1987)
Crystal structures of metyrapone- and phenyimidazole-inhibited complexes
of cytochrome P-450cam. Biochemistry 26: 8165-8174.
- Howard, A.J. and Poulos, T.L.,
(1992) Methods in macromolecular crystallography. chapter in Advances in
Biophysical Chemistry 2: 1-36.
- Howard, A.J. (2000) Data processing
in macromolecular crystallography. Chapter in: Crystallographic Computing
7: Proceedings from the Macromolecular Crystallographic Computing School,
1996. P.E. Bourne and K.D. Watenpaugh, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Thoden, J.B., Miran, S.G., Phillips, J.C.,
Howard, A.J., Raushel, F.M., Holden, H.M. (1998) Carbamoyl
phosphate synthetase: Caught in the act of glutamine hydrolysis.
Biochemistry 37: 8825-8831.
- Howard, A. (1998) Participation of pharmaceutical companies in
synchrotron radiation research.
Nature Structural Biology 5: 623-626.
- Howard, A. (1999) Macromolecular
crystallography at third-generation synchrotron sources. Chapter for Third
Generation Hard X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Sources: Source Properties,
Optics, and Experimental Techniques, Dennis Mills, ed.
Wiley: 2002.
- Eisenstein, E., Gilliland, G.L., Herzberg, O., Moult, J., Orban, J.,
Poljak, R.J., Banerjei, L., Richardson, D., and Howard, A.J. (2000)
Biological function made crystal clear - annotation of hypothetical
proteins via structural genomics.
Current Opinions in Biotechnology 11: 25-30.
- Ladner, J.E., Reddy, P., Davis,
A., Tordova, M., Howard, A.J., and Gilliland, G.L. (2000) The 1.30 Å
resolution structure of the Bacillus subtilis chorimate mutase catalytic
homotrimer. Acta Crystallographica D 56: 673-683.
- Gallagher, D.T., Mayhew, M.,
Holden, M.J., Howard, A., Kim, K.J., and Vilker, V.L. (2001) The crystal
structure of chorimate lyase shows a new fold and a tightly retained product.
Proteins 44: 304-311.
- Lim, K., Zhang, H., Tempczyk,
A., Bonander, N., Toedt, J., Howard, A., Eisenstein, E., and Herzberg, O.
(2001) Crystal structure of YecO from Haemophilus influenzae (HI0319)
reveals a methyltransferase fold and a bound S-Adenosylhomocysteine.
Proteins 45: 397-407.
- Sanders, D.A.R., Moothoo,
D.N., Raftery, J., Howard, A.J., Helliwell, J.R., and Naismith, J.H. (2001)
The 1.2 Å resolution structure of the con A-dimannose complex. J.
Mol. Biol. 310: 875-884.
- Lim, K., Zhang, H., Tempczyk, A., Krajewski, W., Bonander, N.,
Toedt, J., Howard, A., Eisenstein, E., and Herzberg, O. (2003)
Structure of the YibK methyltransferase from Haemophilus influenzae
(HI0766): a cofactor bound at a site formed by a knot. Proteins:
Structure, Function, and Genetics 51:56-67.
- Howard, A.J. (2002) The X-GEN
software package for crystallographic data processing. Journal of Applied
Crystallography, in preparation.