Equations:

1. Lineweaver-Burk:
   1/v₀ = (K_m / V_max) (1 / [S]) + 1 / V_max
2. Optical activity for mixture of compounds 1, 2, ... n :
   R_tot = Σ_i f_i R_i
   
3. Relationship between equilibrium constant and standard free energy:
   ΔG^o'_reaction = -RTlnK_eq
4. Dependence of reaction rate on temperature and activation energy:
   k = Q₀ exp(-ΔG^‡ / RT)
5. Free energy as function of reactant concentrations:
   ΔG = ΔG^o' + RT ln Q,
   where Q = [C][D] / [A][B] for the bimolecular reaction A + B -> C + D

Additional facts:

A. Types of reversible inhibition:

Type	I binds to	Effect on Km	Effect on Vmax	Effect on Vmax / Km
Competitive	E	Increases	Unchanged	Decreases
Uncompetitive	ES	Decreases	Decreases	Unchanged
Noncompetitive	E or ES	Unchanged	Decreases	Decreases

B.Important residues in serine protease activity (chymotrypsin numbering):

• Ser-195: forms tetrahedral intermediate with transition state)
• His-57: acid catalyst; proton donor / acceptor)
• Asp-102: stabilizes positive charge on His-57

C. Family tree of cofactors: (Table 7.1):

			Cofactors
	Essential ions				Coenzymes
Activator Ions		Ions in Metalloenzymes		Cosubstrates		Prosthetic groups

D. sugars (open-chain forms):

• Ketose: contains keto group in open-chain form
• Aldose: contains aldehyde group in open-chain form
• Hexose: six-carbon sugar
• Pentose: five-carbon sugar
• Pyranose: sugar in six-membered ring form (one oxygen in ring)
• Furanose: sugar in five-membered ring form (one oxygen in ring)

E. Fatty acids, anionic forms (table 9.1):

# of carbons	# double bonds	Common Name	M.P. deg C	Molecular formula
12	0	Laurate	44	CH3(CH2)10COO-
14	0	Myristate	52	CH3(CH2)12COO-
16	0	Palmitate	63	CH3(CH2)14COO-
18	0	Stearate	70	CH3(CH2)16COO-
20	0	Arichidate	75	CH3(CH2)18COO-
22	0	Behenate	81	CH3(CH2)20COO-
24	0	Lignocerate	84	CH3(CH2)22COO-
16	1	Palmitoleate	-0.5	CH3(CH2)5CH= CH-(CH2)7COO-
18	1	Oleate	13	CH3(CH2)7CH= CH-(CH2)7COO-
18	2	Linoleate	-9	CH3(CH2)4 (CH=CHCH2)2 (CH2)6COO-
18	3	Linolenate	-17	CH3CH2 (CH=CHCH2)3 (CH2)6COO-
20	4	Arachidonate	-47	CH3(CH2)4 (CH=CHCH2)4 (CH2)2COO-

F. Standard free energies of hydrolysis (table 10.1):

Substrates	Products	ΔGo'hydrol, kJ/mol
ATP4- + H2O	ADP3- + HPO42- + H+	-30
ATP4- + H2O	AMP2- + HP2O73- + H+	-30
AMP2- + H2O	adenosine + HPO42-	-14

G. Standard free energies of metabolites (table 10.3):

Metabolite	ΔGo'hydrol, kJ/mol		Metabolite	ΔGo'hydrol, kJ/mol
phosphoenolypyruvate	-62		1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate	-49
Phosphocreatine	-43		Pyrophosphate	-33
Phosphoarginine	-32		ATP (to AMP)	-32
Acetyl CoA	-32		ATP (to ADP)	-30
Glucose 1-phosphate	-21		Glucose 6-phosphate	-14
Glycerol 3-phosphate	-9